The actions of individuals or characters in spacetime pose a threat to the existence of History.

As I have described before, the world consists of the space that surrounds us, i.e., a point in space. In addition, our world has another space that is connected to other worlds, called the universe - the multiverse. This also interacts with and creates time and space, and is called IMMUNITY, in which there is infinity, immortality, and nothingness. Ł.K. 

It is a tiny, luminous point at the center of a vast, complex cosmic web of interconnected space and swirling matter, with nebulae and galaxies forming nested structures.[1] It is everywhere in every world that begins with a point. 

It is a geometric solid with a complex structure, consisting of interconnected, nested spaces, floating in an infinite, vast void. 

Spacetime: The Dynamic Stage of the Universe

The concepts of space and time have undergone significant evolution in the history of physics. Initially, in Isaac Newton's classical mechanics, space was viewed as three-dimensional, Euclidean, absolute, and independent of matter. Time was also treated as absolute and independent. The revolution came with Albert Einstein's theories of relativity, which combined these two concepts into a single, inseparable four-dimensional entity—spacetime.[2]

Table: Comparison of Spacetime in Classical and Relativistic Theories

The concepts of space and time have undergone significant evolution in the history of physics. Initially, in Isaac Newton's classical mechanics, space was viewed as three-dimensional, Euclidean, absolute, and independent of matter.[6] Time was also viewed as absolute and independent. The revolution came with Albert Einstein's theories of relativity, which combined these two concepts into a single, inseparable four-dimensional entity—space-time.[7]

Motion of Bodies in Curved Space-Time 

In general relativity, gravity is a consequence of the curvature of spacetime, not a force acting between bodies. Bodies in free fall move along geodesics, which are generalizations of "straight lines" in curved spacetime.[8] This means that motion under the influence of gravity is free motion, and the trajectory of a particle moving in a gravitational field does not depend on its mass. Gravity curves spacetime, and the distribution of mass determines its geometry. Free particles, whether in a zero-degree or non-zero gravitational field, move along geodesics of spacetime.[9] This concept fundamentally changes our understanding of gravity. Instead of gravity being a force that attracts objects, it is interpreted as a property of the spacetime geometry itself, guiding objects along their "straightest" possible paths (geodesics).[10] The acceleration we feel in a gravitational field is analogous to the acceleration we feel when driving on a curved road, even at constant speed.[11] This geometric interpretation of gravity is a cornerstone of general relativity and explains a range of phenomena, from planetary orbits to the bending of light to the behavior of black holes. 

Consequences of Space-Time Warp 

The curvature of spacetime has a number of observable consequences: 

• Gravitational time dilation: Time flows slower in a stronger gravitational field. This effect has been experimentally confirmed, and its practical application is the time correction in GPS satellite navigation systems.3 
• Gravitational lensing: Massive objects bend the path of light, leading to the creation of distorted images of distant galaxies. This phenomenon is used in astronomy to study the distribution of mass in the universe.3 
• Gravitational waves: General relativity predicts the existence of gravitational waves—ripples in the geometry of space and time that propagate at the speed of light. Their existence has been confirmed observationally, opening a new window on the study of the cosmos.[12]
• Black holes: These are regions of spacetime with extremely strong gravity from which no matter or radiation, not even light, can escape. Their existence is predicted by general relativity and has been confirmed by indirect observations.3 Stephen Hawking and Roger Penrose have made key contributions to the understanding of black holes and spacetime singularities.43 
•  

Mutual Relationships and Cosmic Evolution 

The relationships between matter, energy, and space-time are fundamental to understanding the dynamics and evolution of the Universe. In the context of general relativity, matter and energy actively curve space-time, which in turn dictates the motion of matter and energy.[13] In relativistic physics, momentum and energy are integrated into a four-dimensional vector (four-momentum), and the inertia of a body is a direct measure of its energy.[14] At the smallest scales, quantum physics describes the behavior of matter and energy.[15] Concepts such as "Quantum Space" suggest that the stability of matter is linked to temporal continuity and "Energy Points" that contain information about real time, indicating deep connections between these elements.[16]

Role in the Big Bang Theory 

The Big Bang is the unified point of origin from which matter, energy, and space-time emerged. According to general relativity, the universe originated in the Big Bang approximately 15 billion years ago.[17] Processes occurring immediately after the Big Bang led to the formation of the universe from matter, while antimatter, although initially present in equal amounts, disappeared. The cosmic microwave background radiation (CMB) is seen as an echo of the Big Bang and provides one of the key confirmations of the theory of an expanding universe.[18] The fact that matter, energy, and space-time originated simultaneously during this event[19] underscores their inseparable nature and their interdependence from the very beginning of the universe. 

Dark Matter and Dark Energy in the Evolution of the Universe 

Dark matter and dark energy are dominant yet elusive determinants of cosmic evolution. They constitute the vast majority of matter and energy in the Universe (over 90%) and consequently control its global geometry.[20] Dark energy is responsible for the accelerated expansion of the Universe, acting in opposition to gravity. Dark matter, in turn, plays a key role in the formation of structures in the early Universe, including galaxies and galaxy clusters, through its gravitational interactions.[21] However, there is a significant paradox: such dominant components of the Universe remain invisible and are not fully understood within our current Standard Model of particle physics.[22] The fact that dark energy may weaken over time suggests the need to modify the Standard Cosmological Model (ΛCDM). This lack of knowledge about most of the Universe's components highlights fundamental limitations of our current knowledge and poses one of the greatest challenges of modern cosmology and physics. Research into dark matter and dark energy is one of the leading research directions of astrophysicists and physicists worldwide, striving to discover new physics that would allow for a more complete understanding of the composition and evolution of the cosmos.[23]

Contributions of Outstanding Scientists to Understanding the Universe 

Our understanding of matter, energy, and space-time is the result of the cumulative and interdisciplinary efforts of many outstanding scientists over the centuries. Their individual discoveries have often provided the foundation for subsequent breakthroughs, revealing the interconnectedness of scientific knowledge. 

• Albert Einstein (1879–1955): He developed the special (1905) and general (1916) theories of relativity, which revolutionized our understanding of space, time, mass, and energy. He formulated the famous equation E=mc², which became the foundation of modern physics by demonstrating the equivalence of mass and energy.[24]
• Max Planck (1858–1947): In 1900, he introduced the concept of energy quanta, which gave rise to quantum physics and fundamentally changed the understanding of energy and its exchange.8 He received the Nobel Prize for his discovery in 1918.[25]
• Edwin Hubble (1889–1953): His 1929 observations proved that the universe is not static but is expanding.[26] He also demonstrated the existence of countless galaxies beyond our Milky Way.[27]
• SStephen Hawking (1942–2018) and Roger Penrose (born 1931): Together they developed theorems regarding the existence of singularities within the framework of general relativity, showing that singularities in spacetime practically always arise.[28] Hawking theoretically proved that black holes should emit radiation (Hawking radiation), an attempt to combine Einstein's classical gravity with quantum mechanics.[29] Penrose received the Nobel Prize for his singularity theorem.[30] Hawking, as one of the most prominent relativists, explored the vastness of spacetime using methods of subatomic physics.[31]
• Vera Rubin (1928–2016): Made significant contributions to astronomy and our understanding of dark matter. Her work on the unusual rotation rate of galaxies led to the concept of dark matter and marked the beginning of a Copernican-scale shift in the field.[32]
• Other key researchers: Among the many others who contributed to the current state of knowledge are Niels Bohr (development of quantum theories)[33], Paul Dirac (quantum electrodynamics, Dirac equation)[34], and John Wheeler (known for his metaphor "Matter speaks space-time...").[35]

The contributions of these scientists, often building on the achievements of their predecessors and developed collaboratively, underscore the cumulative and interdisciplinary nature of scientific progress. Each discovery, even if seemingly isolated, becomes a building block in the construction of a more complex and coherent vision of the Universe.

Quantum Gravity: Attempts at Unification

One of the greatest challenges in modern physics is the fundamental incompatibility between general relativity and quantum mechanics. General relativity, which describes gravity and spacetime on a macroscopic scale, is a classical theory characterized by continuity, geometric precision, and complete predictability.[36] On the other hand, quantum physics, which dominates at the atomic and subatomic levels, is discrete, probabilistic, and riddled with uncertainty.[37] This fundamental discrepancy renders general relativity incomplete at a fundamental level, because it ignores the quantum properties of matter, which curve spacetime.[38]

Consequently, within the framework of a theory of quantum gravity, spacetime cannot be classical and smooth; Einstein's paradigm of continuous spacetime must be altered.[39] This inconsistency is a major driver for the development of theories of quantum gravity, which aim to unify all four fundamental interactions. The two leading theories are: 

• Loop quantum gravity (LPG): Proposes that the structure of space and time consists of finite loops, forming so-called spin lattices. This means that space and time are quantized at the Planck scale (about 10⁻³⁵ meters), and smaller scales become meaningless.[40] LPG is formally background-independent, meaning that its equations are not embedded in a predefined spacetime but are intended to generate it.[41]

• String theory: It postulates that the fundamental constituents of matter are not point particles but vibrating strings. This theory predicts the existence of 10 or 11 dimensions of space-time, 6 or 7 of which are curled up to microscopic dimensions, inaccessible to direct observation.[42] One of its most attractive features is that it naturally and inevitably includes gravity as one of the fundamental interactions.[43]

• Analyzing matter, energy, and space-time in light of modern physics and the contributions of eminent scientists reveals the Universe as a dynamic, integrated system in which these fundamental concepts are inextricably linked. From the Big Bang, which constituted the unified point of their origin, to the present era, with its dominant role of dark matter and dark energy, the interrelationships between them shape the structure and evolution of the cosmos.

• The concept of matter has evolved from simple definitions to a complex picture in which elementary particles (fermions and bosons) interact according to the Standard Model. However, the Standard Model, despite its successes, remains incomplete, failing to explain the origin of gravity, dark matter, or the matter-antimatter asymmetry. Energy, as the universal capacity for work and transformation, is ubiquitous, and its quantum nature, introduced by Planck, and its equivalence with mass (E = mc²) are crucial to understanding both nuclear processes and the cosmic creation of matter.

• Spacetime, from a passive background in Newtonian mechanics, became an active, curved entity in Einstein's general theory of relativity. This curvature, described by Einstein's field equations and the energy-momentum tensor, dictates the motion of matter and light along geodesics, manifesting as gravity, time dilation, gravitational lensing, and gravitational waves. 

• The greatest challenge remains the unification of general relativity with quantum mechanics. The fundamental incompatibility between continuous, deterministic spacetime and the discrete, probabilistic quantum world has fueled the development of quantum gravity theories, such as loop quantum gravity and string theory. These theories seek to quantize spacetime itself and offer new perspectives on the mysteries of the Big Bang and black holes. 

• The contributions of eminent scientists, from Einstein and Planck to Hubble, Hawking, Penrose, and Rubin, underscore the cumulative and interdisciplinary nature of scientific progress. Their discoveries, often building on each other, have not only deepened our understanding of the Universe but also pointed to further, unsolved mysteries. Further research in quantum gravity and cosmology is crucial to achieving a more complete "Theory of Everything," one that will integrate all the known forces and components of the Universe, including the mysterious dark matter and dark energy.[44]

It's important to remember that every world is composed of matter and energy. Each world, just like ours, has a past and a future that create the present, "our here and now."

Unfortunately, we can change what we call the past or the future. What happens then to the events in our world? History, events, change.

Let's assume we have an apple under theoretical study.

1. The apple was first on the tree, growing as a fruit, healthy and without any problems, along with the tree in the orchard until it was picked from the tree and ended up on our table and eaten whole.
2. Version number two The apple was first on the tree, it grew as a fruit, healthy without any problems, along with the tree that had a problem with the fruit because there were frosts and half of the inflorescence fell off in the orchard, until it was picked from the tree and placed on our table, it was larger than version 1 and eaten whole.
3. Version number three The apple was first on the tree, it grew as a fruit, healthy without any problems, along with the tree that had a problem with fruit because it was attacked by caterpillars, half of the apples fell in the orchard until they were taken from the ground and ended up on our table, it was bruised and part of it was used for juice.

Let's assume that version number 3 occurred in our world and time. The fruit grower decided he had lost too much of his orchard's crop and would arrive before the caterpillars and spray them with additional spray. Then the event was changed. The event concerning the apple's purpose and the caterpillars' actions also changed. A new event, the additional spray, also occurred.

Let's further assume that this intervention changed, so to speak, trivial matters in the fruit grower's life, and he fixed the apple sale. But... because of this event, he didn't juice the apple. He didn't offer the juice to others, and thus didn't create an additional industry for natural juice production in his own country. He changed events by seeing one example of a brief moment in his life, replacing another. Then, for example, a poor boy who had picked apples approached him and gave them to his mother, who made the juice, thus transferring the event of juice production to another person. Much changed because of this single, seemingly minor, event. In this way, events of creation change, in the present moment, for the future. But this example demonstrated that by changing the past, we changed the future even more.

           In terms of security, such changes could have consequences not only globally but also farther afield, for the galaxy, for the cosmos, for our dimension of the world, and even for all dimensions and the Expanse. One small change.

Let's imagine that all the bad events associated with World War I had been changed. That is, Mr. Hitler would not have participated in the war, his life would have changed, and we wouldn't have the history we have now. The horrors of war wouldn't have occurred, but neither would the moments we know and see today.

What would have happened if a certain gentleman from Georgia hadn't been arrested because he would have completed his studies and educated himself to be a good comrade?

What if others hadn't written about Marxism earlier...

What if many psychological books hadn't been published?

What if other ideas hadn't emerged... that had been created centuries earlier...

Many people would have wanted to change events for the better. Many characters will try to change many things, for their own or other gains...

Author - I do not condone wars and the sadistic behavior of others, nor do I condone actions regarding slavery, etc., which are described as evil not only according to the letter of the law, but many events created others. The history that emerged from the times we call the past, and based on them, we should not make similar mistakes again in order to create a shared, secure future.

The author describes one example involving an apple, which could have changed so much. But what about the examples I mentioned? What impact do they have on the history of the 20th century, not to mention future actions or the past?

Questions arise, and we can certainly ask this one: 

"What would you do if you had one chance to travel back in time?"

There are as many answers and possibilities for changes in history as there are people or figures.

Security can no longer be confined to a single region, a single country, or to the division of alliances into blue and red.

We all face new challenges concerning the security of our planet, our history, and our future shared times. 

Ł.K. 

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